Campeche, Mexico

Mexico
Governor Rafael Alejandro Moreno Cardenas
Representative Roberto Alcala Secretario de Medio Ambiente y Recursos Naturales del estado de Campeche
Representative Martha San Roman Directora de Política Ambiental

Description

The territory of the state of Campeche has an area of 56,859 km2, of which 76.2% is still a mosaic of forests in relatively good condition. The state has the largest mangrove area (197,000 ha) in Mexico, equivalent to 30% of the national total. These forests and mangroves have the highest carbon storage capacity, greater than 100 MgCl / ha (Government of the State of Campeche, 2012b). Campeche has the largest protected area (2,278,765.59 ha) through Protected Natural Areas (ANP) in the Yucatan Peninsula, representing 40% of the state’s surface. The good state of conservation and connectivity of the states of Campeche, Yucatan and Quintana Roo, with the forests of Guatemala and Belize in Central America, make the forests of Campeche one of the survival areas of threatened and endangered species with special requirements such as felines (jaguar and puma), or ones that perform local “migrations” (such as birds or butterflies). Recent studies in Mexico infer that the forests of Campeche probably maintain the largest populations of species such as the jaguar (Panthera onca), the tapir (Tapirus bairdii), the white-lipped peccary (Tayassu pecari), the howler monkey (Alouatta spp), the spider monkey (Ateles geoffroyi), the elegant eagle (Spizaetus ornatus), the king vulture (Sarcoramphus papa), the ocellated turkey (Meleagris ocellata ) and snout (Craxrubra) (Government of the State of Campeche, 2012b).

Most of the territory of Campeche is characterized by a subhumid climate and a dense tropical forest. There is also a lowland region with lakes and rivers. The “milpa” system, which predominates in the state, requires a deep understanding of specific ecological systems, including the cycles of several plants and the rain cycle, as well as the fallow period required by their soils. Hunting and gathering are complementary subsistence activities. Local natural resources are used as materials to build houses and for energy needs. Together, these activities, along with forestry and livestock activities, have had a devastating impact on tropical forests, and attempts are being made to reverse the impact through sustainable development programs focused on reforestation and wildlife management. The State of Campeche faces a great challenge in the face of the potential effects of climate change and the phenomena of deforestation and forest degradation. The preservation policy has led to the creation of several protected areas, including the Calakmul Biosphere Reserve, notable for the number of indigenous migrants living within the 723,185 hectares of forest in the reserve and also for plans to develop opportunities for Ecological and archaeological tourism.

More information can be fond on the GCF Impact Platform.

Summary

Total Land Area 57,924 km²
% of Land That Is Forest 70.1 %
Deforestation Trend +0.0 % 2014 - 2015

Demographics

Population of State/Province 822,441
% of National Population 0.7%

Urban vs. Rural Population

Category %
Urban 74.60
Rural 25.40

Ethnic Groups

Group %
Maya 77.00
Chol 10.00
Other 7.00
Tzeltal 2.00
Kanjobal 1.80
Mame 1.10

Economy

State/Province GDP MXN 269.54 B
Annual Per Capita Income MXN 957,623

GDP Breakdown

Category %
Industry, Mining 81.80
Services 17.10
Agriculture, Forestry 1.10
Human Development Index 0.831
Main Exports oil

Forest Status

Original Forest Area 48,679 km²
Current Forest Area 40,591 km²
Total Area Deforested 8,088 km²
Total Forest Carbon 216 M MtC

Major Vegetation Types

Category km²
Primary Perrenial 25,691
Secondary Sub-deciduous Forest 7,759
Primary Deciduous 2,439
Secondary Perennial Forest 2,384
Secondary Sub-deciduous Jungle 800
Secondary Deciduous 346
Secondary Encino Forest 8

Forest Management

Category km²
Ejido 28,391
Protected Area 19,403

Drivers of Deforestation

Deforestation is mainly driven by conversion to pasture land and to a lesser extent by agricultural land. A lack of forestry related economic activities is an indirect driver of deforestation.

Deforestation Rates

Notes

a.

Due to different methodological approaches and base years, Forest Status data fields may differ slightly. Data sources for each field are listed below.

Sources

1.

INEGI. Censo de Población y Vivienda 2010. Panorama sociodemográfico de Campeche. 2011. link

2.

Mexico FREL link

3.

INEGI, 2013. Volumen y crecimiento. Población total por entidad federativa, 1895 a 2010 link

4.

INEGI, 2014. Perspectiva estadística Campeche link

5.

EPRI, 2012. Overview of Subnational Programs to Reduce Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation (REDD) as Part of the Governors’ Climate and Forests Task Force, Palo Alto.

6.

Anuario estadístico. Campeche, Edición: 2012, Cobertura temporal: 2011 Desglose geográfico: Municipal, ISSN: 0188-8587 Formato: Electrónico link

7.

Anuario estadístico. Campeche, Edición: 2012, Cobertura temporal: 2011
Desglose geográfico: Municipal, ISSN: 0188-8587
Formato: Electrónico link

8.

calculated using values derived from INEGI, 2013, link

9.

PNUD. El índice de desarrollo humano en México: cambios metodológicos e información para las entidades federativas. 2012 link

10.

INEGI.Perspectiva Estadística. Serie por Entidad Federativa. México. link

11.

Mexico FREL link

12.

CONAFOR 2014

13.

INEGI/FCPF FREL

14.

ERPD annexes

15.

http://osse.org.mx/Recursos/Investigaciones/Estad%C3%ADsticas/Propiedad-Social/Ejidos